Emerging Nearshore techniques

The world of Nearshore marine geophysics is slowly starting to embrace techniques traditionally utilised in land geophysics, in particular those used in the engineering sector, examples being Seismic refraction, MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) and ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography). Whilst all three techniques are widely used in the land based civil engineering sector, the last two in particular haven't yet seen widespread adoption in the marine environment, mainly due to their operational inefficiency and high costs. 

However, all three techniques can give insights into the physical properties of the subsurface (Vp, Vs, and Resistivity respectively) which give valuable information for engineering projects.